INTEGRATING MULTICULTURAL VALUES TO FOSTER TOLERANCE AND INCLUSIVITY IN ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v11i1.44607Keywords:
Inclusivity, Islamic Religious Education, Multicultural Education, Religious Tolerance, Social HarmonyAbstract
Multicultural education plays a vital role in enhancing religious tolerance within Islamic Religious Education (IRE), particularly in Indonesia, where religious exclusivism and intolerance remain ongoing challenges. The objective of this research was to explore the understanding and application of multicultural values in Islamic Religious Education among junior high school and madrasa students. A mixed-method approach was utilized, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue. Through open-ended interviews and surveys, data were collected from students in two junior high schools in Cilegon and one madrasa in Serang, Indonesia. The qualitative data were analyzed using a descriptive-exploratory approach, while quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The study found that integrating religious education with multicultural values fostered a strong sense of interfaith tolerance, cultural appreciation, and inclusivity. This integration helped students embrace diversity, respect differences, and build mutual trust, thereby minimizing conflicts and promoting a harmonious learning environment. The findings underscore the significance of effective multicultural education in shaping an inclusive Islamic education system, ultimately enhancing both the social and academic outcomes of students in Indonesia.
References
Abdullah, A., Alim, A., Andriyadi, F., and Burga, M. (2023). Application of Multicultural Education in Strengthening Community Solidarity in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(3), 1173-1198. doi:10.26811/peuradeun.v11i3.965
Aji, T. S., Karim, A., Hori, M., Maryati, S., Nurkholis, Sudin, M., Surono, Jakaria, Irfan, A., and Nurjannah, W. (2020). The concept of togetherness and its implications for the unity of the society: Study of elucidation by Quthb. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(08), 13800–13808. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I8/PR28136
Alhashmi, M., and Moussa-Inaty, J. (2021). Professional learning for Islamic education teachers in the UAE. Journal of Religious Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2020.1853046
Bambacas, M., and Patrickson, M. (2008). Interpersonal communication skills that enhance organisational commitment. Journal of Communication Management, 12(1), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/13632540810854235
Banks, J. A. (2006). Cultural diversity and education: Foundations, curriculum, and teaching (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson/Allyn and Bacon.
Batugal, M. L. C. (2020). Triumphs and trials: Probing the pre-service teachers’ practice teaching experiences. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(7), 2864–2870. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080713
Bayraktar, S., and Jiménez, A. (2020). Self-efficacy as a resource: a moderated mediation model of transformational leadership, extent of change and reactions to change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 33(2), 301–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-12-2018-0368
Broms, R., and Rothstein, B. (2020). Religion and institutional quality. Comparative Politics, 53(2), 433–449. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26907863
Brubaker, R. (2020). Populism and nationalism. Nations and Nationalism, 26(1), 44–66. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12522
Chano, J., Tungtawee, C., and Luo, M. (2024). Correlation between meditation and religion: Bibliometric analysis. ASEAN Journal of Religion, Education, and Society, 3(1), 11-22. Retrieved from https://ejournal.bumipublikasinusantara.id/index.php/ajores/article/view/457
Daniel, C., and Paul, M. (2019). Broadening borders to build better schools: Virtual professional learning communities. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(2), 296–314. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-09-2018-0296
Dreyer, J. S., Hermans, C. A. M., and Dreyer, J. (2014). Spiritual character traits and leadership in the school workplace: An exploration of the relationship between spirituality and school leadership in some private and religiously affiliated schools in South Africa. https://doi.org/10.4102/koers.v79i2.2136
Eungoo, K., and Hwang, H.-J. (2023). The Importance of Anonymity and confidentiality for conducting survey research. Journal of Research and Publication Ethics, 4(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.15722/jrpe.4.1.202303.1
Ezzani, M. D., Ezzani, M. D., Brooks, M. C., Brooks, M. C., Yang, L., Yang, L., Bloom, A., and Bloom, A. (2021). Islamic school leadership and social justice: an international review of the literature. International Journal of Leadership in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.2009037
Fahrullah, T. A., and Hazmirullah. (2020). The arabic culture, language, and people in the perspective of sundanese community (Case study of cibiuk village/district community of garut regency). Humanities and Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 1011–1022. https://doi.org/10.18510/HSSR.2020.83104
Fajrussalam, H., Mansyur, A. S., & Zaqiah, Q. Y. (2020). Gaining education character based on cultural Sundanese values: The Innovation of Islamic Education Curriculum in Facing Era Society 5.0. Jurnal Iqra’ : Kajian Ilmu Pendidikan, 5(1), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.25217/ji.v5i1.910
Fitriani, M. (2023). Islamic Religious Education and Interreligious Tolerance in a Multi-Religious Country: Challenges, Typological Implications, and the Proposed Strategy. Ulumuna, 27(1), 416-448. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v27i1.765
Foua, A., and Diriwari, W. (2020). Cultural and legal perspectives on child protection in the context of child trafficking in Nigeria. Beijing Law Review, 11(01), 11–33. https://doi.org/10.4236/blr.2020.111002
Guest, G., Namey, E., and Chen, M. (2020). A simple method to assess and report thematic saturation in qualitative research. PLoS ONE, 15(5), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232076
Hidayat, T., Perdana, J., Istianah, I., Saputra, A., Erlina, L., Saket, S.A.S., & Al-Gumaei, A.M.A. (2024). Social media da’wah strategy in implementing Islamic da’wah. ASEAN Journal of Religion, Education, and Society, 3(1), 51-58. Retrieved from https://ejournal.bumipublikasinusantara.id/index.php/ajores/article/view/467
Holandyah, M., and Marzulina, L. (2022). Speaking challenges in a life skill program for Islamic Boarding school students: A case study. Journal of Education. Retrieved from https://jltr.academypublication.com/index.php/jltr/article/view/3265
Jeon, K. S., Passmore, D. L., Lee, C., and Hunsaker, W. (2013). Spiritual leadership: A validation study in a Korean context. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(4), 342–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2013.801026
Jeynes, W. H. (2019). A meta-Analysis on the relationship between character education and student achievement and behavioral outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 51(1), 33–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517747681
Karim, A. (2016). Pembaharuan pendidikan Islam multikulturalis. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam -Ta’lim, 14(1), 19–35. Retrieved from http://jurnal.upi.edu/taklim/view/3880/pembaharuan-pendidikan-islam-multikulturalis-.html
Karim, A., Agus, A., Nurnilasari, N., Widiantari, D., Fikriyah, F., Rosadah, R. A., Syarifudin, A., Triono, W., Lesmi, K., and Nurkholis, N. (2023). A study on managerial leadership in education: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9(6), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16834
Karim, A., Bakhtiar, A., Sahrodi, J., and Chang, P. H. (2022). Spiritual leadership behaviors in religious workplace: The case of pesantren. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 00(00), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2022.2076285
Karim, A., Faiz, A., Parhan, M., Gumelar, A., Kurniawaty, I., Gunawan, I., Wahyudi, A. V., and Suanah, A. (2020). Managerial leadership in green living pharmacy activities for the development of students ’ environmental care in elementary schools. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(13), 714–719. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.13.125
Karim, A., Fathurohman, O., Sulaiman, S., Marliani, L., Muhammadun, M., and Firmansyah, B. (2025). How do principals act as leaders and managers in boarding and public schools in Indonesia?. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2445354. 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2445354
Karim, A., Fathurrohman, O., Muhammadun, Saripudin, W., Rahmat, D., and Mansir, F. (2023). Altruistic works, religion, and corruption: Kiais’ leadership to shape anti-corruption values in pesantren. Cogent Social Science, latest art(latest article), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2238968
Karim, A., Purnomo, H., Fikriyah, F., and Kardiyati, E. N. (2020). A charismatic relationship: How a Kyai’s charismatic leadership and society’s compliance are constructed? Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 35(2), 129–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.54705
Karmaker, R., and Rahman, R. (2023). Female Having Education in the World of Technology Wading Obstacle Facing Religious and Social Barrier. ASEAN Journal of Religion, Education, and Society, 3(1), 23-36. Retrieved from https://ejournal.bumipublikasinusantara.id/index.php/ajores/article/view/459
Kitur, K., Choge, J., and Tanui, E. (2020). Relationship between principals’ transformational leadership style and secondary school students’ academic performance in Kenya Certificate of secondary education in Bomet County, Kenya. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(2), 402–409. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080210
Kultsum, U., Abrar Parinduri, M., and Karim, A. (2022). Comparative studies between public and private Islamic schools in the era of globalization. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 11(1), 421–430. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v11i1.22182
Lavy, S. (2020). A review of character strengths interventions in twenty-first-century schools: Their importance and how they can be fostered. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 15(2), 573–596. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-018-9700-6
Li, L., and Liu, Y. (2022). An integrated model of principal transformational leadership and teacher leadership that is related to teacher self-efficacy and student academic performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(4), 661–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1806036
Li, Z., Oljaca, M., Firdousi, S. F., and Akram, U. (2021). Managing diversity in the Chinese organizational context: The impact of workforce diversity management on employee job performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(October), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.733429
Liu, B. F., Shi, D., Lim, J. K. R., Islam, K., and Edwards, A. L., (2022). When crises hit home: How US higher education leaders navigate values during uncertain times. In Journal of Business. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04820-5
Madakir, M., Firdaus, S., Hajam, H., and Hidayat, A. (2022). Multicultural Islamic education of Nurcholis Madjid perspective: A literature Review. Journal of Multicultural Retrieved from https://ijmmu.com/index.php/ijmmu/article/view/3731
Mamirjonovna, M.M. (2024). Mechanism of development of students’ spiritual development following professional training. ASEAN Journal of Religion, Education, and Society, 3(1), 1-10. Retrieved from https://ejournal.bumipublikasinusantara.id/index.php/ajores/article/view/397
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., and Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee’s performance with the mediating mechanism of employee’s motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(July), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.563070
Martin, A. (2021). Investigating the relationships between effective principal leadership practices and school effectiveness as perceived by teachers. Journal of Arts & Humanities, 10(08), 7–21. https://doi.org/10.18533/jah.v10i08.2089
McSherry, D., and McAnee, G. (2022). Exploring the relationship between adoption and psychological trauma for children who are adopted from care: A longitudinal case study perspective. Child Abuse and Neglect, 130(P2), 105623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105623
Metta, E., Abdul, R., Koler, A., and Geubbels, E. (2023). Ecological aspects shaping child labour in Tanzania’s artisanal and small-scale gold mines: A qualitative inquiry. Heliyon, 9(3), e14417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14417
Monteiro, A., Leite, C., Coppi, M., Fialho, I., and Cid, M. (2023). Education in emergency: Lessons learned about school management practices and digital technologies. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 8(1), 223–254. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1134984
Muijs, D., and Bokhove, C. (2020). Metacognition and self-regulation: Evidence review. Education Endowment Foundation. Retrieved from https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/evidence-summaries/evidence-reviews/metacognition-and-self- regulationreview/%0Ahttps://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/public/files/Metacognition_and_self-regulation_review.pdf
Nagel, L. (2020). The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the digital transformation of work. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 40(9–10), 861–875. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-07-2020-0323
Näsman, Y. (2018). The theory of caritative leadership applied to education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 21(4), 518–529. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2017.1349183
Nguyen, M., Kelly, S., and Bensemann, J. (2017). Contextual factors affecting corporate social responsibility in an emerging country: A conceptual framework on the nature of the CSR concept in Vietnam. 4 International Conference on CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 40–54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40991-018-0032-5
OK, A. H., Al-Farabi, M. ., and Firmansyah, F. . (2023). Internalization of Multicultural Islamic Education Values In High School Students. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v3i3.265
Osafo, E., Paros, A., and Yawson, R. M. (2021). Valence–instrumentality–expectancy model of motivation as an alternative model for examining ethical leadership behaviors. SAGE Open, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211021896
Parhan, M., Faiz, A., Karim, A., Nugraha, R. H., Subakti, G. E., Rindu, M., Islamy, F., Budiyanti, N., Fuadin, A., and Tantowi, Y. A. (2020). Internalization values of Islamic education. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(08), 14778–14791. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I8/PR281455
Parhan, M., Syahidin, S., Somad, M. A., Abdulah, M., and Nugraha, R. H. (2024). Developing a contextual learning model in Islamic education to improve applicable knowledge and foster knowledge-based virtues. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 10(1), 75-86. Retrieved from https://jurnal.istaz.ac.id/index.php/iiej/article/view/905
Pires, B., Kellen, P. B., and Ximenes, M. (2023). Transformational leadership and employee performance: Work motivation as a mediator. Journal of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (DREAM), 2(12), 228–248. https://doi.org/10.56982/dream.v2i12.177
Pujaningsih, and Ambarwati, U. (2020). Self Efficacy changes in collaborative course for inclusive education preservice teacher. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(1), 79–88. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i1.26669
Purnomo, H., Karim, A., Mansir, F., and Valero-Matas, J. A. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic: Project-based learning as interprofessional learning model to improve student with special needs’ self efficacy. Sociologia y Tecnociencia, 12(2), 284–306. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24197/st.2.2022.284-306
Rahayu, N.I., Muktiarni, M., and Hidayat, Y. (2024). An application of statistical testing: A guide to basic parametric statistics in educational research using SPSS. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(3), 569-582. https://doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v4i3.76092
Rodríguez, F. M. M., Lozano, J. M. G., Mingorance, P. L., and Pérez-Mármol, J. M. (2020). Influence of smartphone use on emotional, cognitive and educational dimensions in university students. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(16), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166646
Rohmah, H., Rena, S., and Pahrurraji, P. (2023). Implementation of multicultural education values in Senior High School. Islamic Education Journal. http://at-tadzkir.pdtii.org/index.php/tadzkir/article/view/29
Sahrodi, J., and Karim, A. (2024). Leader power of Islamic higher education institutions in improving the performance of human resources management. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 12(1). 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2024.2442818
Situngkir, S., Salis, M.I., and Aqila, K.T. (2024). Effect of religion, gender, and overconfident interactions on investment decisions tiar lina. ASEAN Journal of Religion, Education, and Society, 3(1), 37-50. Retrieved from https://ejournal.bumipublikasinusantara.id/index.php/ajores/article/view/466
Susilawati, A., Al-Obaidi, A.S.M., Abduh, A., Irwansyah, F.S., and Nandiyanto, A.B.D. (2025). How to do research methodology: From literature review, bibliometric, step-by-step research stages, to practical examples in science and engineering education. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 10(1), 1-40 https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v10i1.78637
Syarif, S., Abdullah, F., and Herlambang, S. (2024). Multiculturalism among Students in Madrasah: Knowledge, Challenges, and Social Capital. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 390-408. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v7i2.4710
Martinez, C. T., and Scott, C. (2014). In search of the meaning of happiness through flow and spirituality. The International Journal of Health, Wellness, and Society, 4(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.18848/2156-8960/cgp/v04i01/41088
Tomaszewski, L. E., Zarestky, J., and Gonzalez, E. (2020). Planning qualitative research: Design and decision making for new researchers. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920967174
Usman, H., Mulia, D., and Chairy, C., (2022). Integrating trust, religiosity and image into technology acceptance model: the case of the Islamic philanthropy in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2020-0020
Wurdinger, S., Haar, J., Hugg, R., and Bezon, J. (2007). A qualitative study using project-based learning in a mainstream middle school. Improving Schools. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480207078048
Zhang, J. H., Zou, W. C, and Jiang, X. Y. (2019). One religion, two tales: Religion and happiness in urban and rural areas of China. Religions, 10(9), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10090532
Zhu, H., Shen, L., and Ren, Y. (2022). How can smart city shape a happier life? The mechanism for developing a Happiness Driven Smart City. In Sustainable cities and society. Elsevier. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210670722001202
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).