Blockchain-Based Digital  Transaction  Security  System:  Perspective of Imam al-Shāṭibi’s Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Concept

Achmad Yasin; Arifah Billah

doi:10.15575/am.v11i2.34379

Blockchain-Based Digital Transaction Security System: Perspective of Imam al-Shāṭibi’s Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah Concept

Authors

Achmad Yasin Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya
Arifah Billah Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15575/am.v11i2.34379

Keywords:

Blockchain, Imam al-Shatibi, Maqasid al-Shari'ah

Abstract

Blockchain is a technological advancement that does not yet have regulatory certainty, especially regarding taxation and its use in certain domains does not fulfill shari'ah provisions. This research is a literature study that explain the benefits of blockchain technology when applied in the Islamic economic sector and analyses it based on maqasid al-shari'ah according to Imam al-Shatibi. The method implemented: normative law with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data collection is done through literature research and documentation. This research analyses that the benefits of using blockchain technology in Islamic economics provides various significant advantages for human welfare, so it is considered maṣlahah. Applying this technology to economic activities is a form of jalbu al-masalih. Blockchain technology increases the operational ease of digital transactions and provides vigorous wealth protection through tokens generated from digitizing tangible assets. The blockchain application in digital transactions isa form of dar'u al-mafasid. Analysed from the perspective of Imam al-Shatibi's maqasid al-shari'ah, the blockchain technology efficiency and security for data and information in the digital transaction ledge rare included as hajiyyah needs. Its use that facilitates cryptocurrency transactions is highlighted as haram because of its destruction of religion due to its prohibition. The protection afforded to real-world asset tokens and their overall usefulness elevates this technology's status as a daruriyyah min janibi al-adam (protection of primary needs from absence).

Author Biographies

Achmad Yasin, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Sharia Economic Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

Arifah Billah, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Sharia Economic Law Department, Sharia and Law Faculty

References

Abdul Haq, Ahmad Mubarok, and Agus Ro’uf. Formulasi Nalar Fiqh: Telaah Kaidah Fiqh Konseptual. Buku Satu. Surabaya: Khalista Surabaya dan Kaki Lima Lirboyo, 2009.

Al Ikhlas, Desi Yusdian, Alfurqan, Murniyetti, and Nurjanah. “The Concept of Maqasid Al-Shariah As an Instruments of Ijtihad According to Imam al-Shatibi in al-Muwafaqat Fi Ushuli al-Shariah.” Media Syariah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial23, no. 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v23i2.10138.

Ausop, Asep Zaenal, and Elsa Silvia Nur Aulia. “Teknologi Cryptocurrency Bitcoin Untuk Investasi Dan Transaksi Bisnis Menurut Syariat Islam.” Jurnal Sosioteknologi17, no. 1 (April 2018). https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2018.17.1.8.

Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa. “KBBI VI Daring.” Accessed November 16, 2023. https://kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/.

Bahanan, Muhammad. “Analisis Pengaruh Penggunaan Teknologi Blockchain Dalam Transaksi Keuangan Pada Perbankan Syariah.” I’tishom: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah2, no. 1 (April 2023).

Baznasko. “World Zakat Forum 2019 Lahirkan 7 Resolusi,” November 8, 2019. https://baznaskotatanjungpinang.org/world-zakat-forum-2019-lahirkan-7-resolusi/.

Brilliyanto, Rafi. “Blockchain Dengan Prinsip-Prinsip Syariah,” September 25, 2023. https://amf.or.id/blockchain-dengan-prinsip-prinsip-syariah/.

Center for Risk Management & Sustainability. “Mengenal Blockchain Dan Manfaatnya Bagi Dunia Bisnis,” September 11, 2023. https://crmsindonesia.org/publications/mengenal-blockchain-dan-manfaatnya-bagi-dunia-bisnis/.

Chida, Eikoh, Masahiro Mambo, and Hiroki Shizuya. “Digital Money-A Survey.” Interdisciplinary Information Sciences7, no. 2 (2001). https://doi.org/10.4036/iis.2001.135.

Daley, Sam. “16 Blockchain Banking Examples to Know,” December 1, 2023. https://builtin.com/blockchain/blockchain-banking-roundup.

Dattani, Janvi, and Harsh Sheth. “Overview of Blockchain Technology.” Asian Journal of Convergence in Technology5, no. 1 (n.d.). https://doi.org/10.33130/ajct.2019v05i01.013.

Di Pierro, Massimo. “What Is the Blockchain?” Computing in Science & Engineering and the IEEE CS and the AIP, October 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2017.3421554.

Dimyati, Moh. Imron Rosyadi, and Achmad Fageh. “Smart Sukuk Berbasis Blockchain Tinjauan Maqasid Syariah Al-Najjar.” JIEI: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam9, no. 3 (2023). https://doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.10409.

Djalaluddin, Muhammad Mawardi. “Pemikiran Abu Ishaq Al-Syatibi Dalam Kitab al-Muwafaqat.” Al-Daulah4, no. 2 (December 2015).

Faozi, Mohamad, and Edo Segara Gustanto. “Kripto, Blockchain, Bitcoin, Dan Masa Depan Bank Islam: Sebuah Literatur Review.” Quranomic: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam1, no. 2 (2022).

Finterra. “Islamic Fintech.” FinTech(blog), 2023. https://finterra.org/fintech/.

Frankenfield, Jake. “Nonce: What It Means and How It’s Used in Blockchain,” November 22, 2023. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nonce.asp.

Iftikhar, Sarah. “Blockchain Based Retail Sukuk for Infrastructure Development and Financial Inclusion in Pakistan.” Joural of Business Administration and Management Sciences4, no. 1 (January 2022). https://doi.org/10.58921/jobams.4.1.76.

Ihsan, Rafiqi. “Peluang Dan Tantangan Penggunaan Blockchain Technology Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia.” E-QIEN: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis11, no. 3 (November 2022).

Indodax. “Mengenal Keajaiban Real-World Asset (RWA) Dalam Dunia Nyata,” December 26, 2023. https://indodax.com/academy/apa-itu-rwa/.

Indonesia. Undang-Undang No. 23 tahun 2011 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat (n.d.).

International Business Machines Corporation. “What Are Smart Contracts on Blockchain?” Accessed December 15, 2023. https://www.ibm.com/topics/smart-contracts.

Jati, Hardian Satria, and Ahmad Arif Zulfikar. “Transaksi Cryptocurrency Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.” Jurnal Al-Adalah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Politik Islam6, no. 2 (July 2021). https://doi.org/10.35673/ajmpi.v6i2.1616.

Kara, Muslimin. “Pemikiran Al-Syatibi Tentang Maslahah Dan Implementasinya Dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Syariah.” ASSETS2, no. 2 (2012).

Kasdi, Abdurrahman. “Maqasyid Syari’ah Perspektif Pemikiran Imam Syatibi Dalam Kitab al-Muwafaqat.” Yudisia: Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Dan Hukum Islam5, no. 1 (June 2014).

Khallaf, Abdul Wahhab. Ilmu Ushul Fiqih. Translated by Moh. Zuhri and Ahmad Qarib. Semarang: Dina Utama Semarang, 2014.

———. ’Ilmu Usuli al-Fiqhi. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah, 2010.

Mawardi, Ahmad Imam. Fiqh Minoritas: Fiqh Al-Aqaliyyat Dan Evolusi Maqashid al-Syari’ah Dari Konsep Ke Pendekatan. Yogyakarta: LKiS, 2010.

Mayangsari Rofam, Galuh Nashrullah Kartika, and Hasni Noor. “Konsep Maqashid Al-Syariah Dalam Menentukan Hukum Islam (Perspektif Al-Syatibi Dan Jasser Auda).” Al-Iqtishadiyah: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Dan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah1, no. 1 (December 2014). https://doi.org/10.31602/iqt.v1i1.136.

Mohd Noh, Mohd Shahid, and Mohamed Syakir Abu Bakar. “Cryptocurency as A Main Currency: A Maqasidic Approach.” Al-Uqud: Journal of Islamic Economics4, no. 1 (January 2020). https://doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v4n1.p115-132.

Muhammad as-Sa’id al-Jaza’iri. Badru Al-Tamam Fi Ikhtisar al-I’tisam. Dar al-Jinan al-Islamiyyah, 1991.

Mukherjee, Pratyusa, and Chittaranjan Pradhan. “Blockchain 1.0 to Blockchain 4.0—The Evolutionary Transformation of Blockchain Technology.” In Blockchain Technology: Applications and Challenges, edited by Sandeep Kumar Panda, Ajay Kumar Jena, Santosh Kumar Swain, and Suresh Chandra Satapathy, 29–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69395-4_3.

Namasudra, Suyel, and Kemal Akkaya. “Introduction to Blockchain Technology.” In Blockchain and Its Applications in Industry 4.0, edited by Kemal Akkaya and Suyel Namasudra, 1–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8730-4_1.

Nguyen, Giang-Truong, and Kyungbaek Kim. “A Survey about Consensus Algorithms Used in Blockchain.” JIPS: Journal of Information Processing Systems14, no. 1 (February 2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICBCTIS55569.2022.00050.

Nofer, Michael, Peter Gomber, Oliver Hinz, and Dirk Schiereck. “Blockchain.” Bus Inf Syst Eng59, no. 3 (March 20, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-017-0467-3.

Noorsanti, Rina Candra, Heribertus Yulianton, and Kristophorus Hadiono. “Blockchain -Teknologi Mata Uang Kripto (Crypto Currency).” Prosiding Sendi_U, 2018.

PermataBank. “PermataBank Dan Chandra Asri Gunakan Teknologi Blockchain Pertama Di Indonesia,” November 25, 2021. https://www.permatabank.com/en/article/menjadi-pionir-permatabank-dan-chandra-asri-selesaikan-transaksi-trade-finance-menggunakan.

Priyadarshini, Ishaani. “Introduction to Blockchain Technology.” In Cyber Security in Parallel and Distributed Computing, 91–107, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119488330.ch6.

Saleh, Sirajuddin. Analisis Data Kualitatif. Bandung: Pustaka Ramadhan, 2017.

Septianda, Daffa Eka, Sitti Fatimah Khairunnisa, and Rachma Indrarini. “Blockchain Dalam Ekonomi Islam.” Sibatik Journal1, no. 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.54443/sibatik.v1i11.407.

Shatibi, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Musa bin Muhammad al-Lakhmi al-. Al-Muwafaqat, n.d.

Singh, Gurinder, Vikas Garg, and Pooja Tiwari. “Introduction to Blockchain Technology.” In Transforming Cybersecurity Solutions Using Blockchain, edited by Rashmi Agrawal and Neha Gupta, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6858-3_1.

Suryono, Muhammad Vicky Afris. “Legal Reforming of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Demands Process between Retailer and Consumer.” Jurnal Kajian Pembaruan Hukum3, no. 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.19184/jkph.v3i1.33610.

Tanjung, Ahmad Fuadi, Patma Wati, and Nurlaila. “Penerapan Teknologi Blockchain Dalam Akuntansi Syariah.” Jurnal Masharif Al-Syariah: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah8, no. 2 (2023).

Tono, Sidik. “Pemikiran Dan Kajian Teori Hukum Islam Menurut Al-Syatibi.” Al-Mawarid13 (2005).

Toriquddin, Moh. “Teori Maqashid Syari’ah Perspektif Al-Syatibi.” De Jure: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum6, no. 1 (June 2014). https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v6i1.3190.

Wepo. “Teknologi Blockchain Dan Keuangan Islam: Potensi Dan Tantangan,” September 11, 2023. https://an-nur.ac.id/esy/teknologi-blockchain-dan-keuangan-islam-potensi-dan-tantangan.html.

Yaga, Dylan, Peter Mell, Nik Roby, and Karen Scarfone. Blockchain Technology Overview. United States: NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2018. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8202.

Yang, Jian, and Hong Shen. “Blockchain Consensus Algorithm Design Based on Consistent Hash Algorithm.” In 2019 20th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT), 461–66, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/PDCAT46702.2019.00090.

Yulianton, Heribertus, Rina Candra Noor Santi, Kristophorus Hadiono, and Sri Mulyani. “Implementasi Sederhana Blockchain.” Prosding SINTAK2 (2018).