Pertumbuhan dan hasil dua spesies kacang koro (Mucuna pruriens; Canavalia ensivormis) akibat pupuk NPK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/j.agro.45222Keywords:
Growth, jack bean, NPK fertilizer, velvet beanAbstract
Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.) are local legume species with significant potential as sources of plant-based protein. To date, both species have primarily been utilized as sources of animal feed, green manure, and cover crops. This study aims to evaluate the effects of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of the two legume species. The experiment was conducted in Nanggela Village, Mandirancan District, Kuningan Regency, from June to November 2024. The experimental design used was a Randomized complete block design with treatments combining legume species (Jack bean and velvet bean) with NPK fertilizer applied at rates of 150, 225, 300, 375, and 450 kg ha-1. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, root volume, leaf area index, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, number of pods per plot, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds, and weight of seeds per plot. The results showed that the combination of species and NPK fertilizer doses significantly affected the growth and yield of koro plants. The best results were obtained from the treatment of jack bean with a dose of NPK fertilizer of 300 kg ha-1.
ABSTRAK
Kacang koro pedang (Canavalia ensiformis L.) dan koro benguk (Mucuna pruriens L.) merupakan spesies lokal yang memiliki potensi sebagai sumber protein nabati. Selama ini kedua spesies tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pakan ternak, pupuk hijau, dan tanaman penutup tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil dua spesies koro. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Desa Nanggela, Kecamatan Mandirancan, Kabupaten Kuningan pada bulan Juni sampai November 2024. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan perlakuan kombinasi antara spesies koro (koro pedang dan koro benguk) dengan dosis pupuk NPK (150, 225, 300, 375, dan 450 kg ha-1). Semua perlakuan diulang tiga kali sehingga terdapat 30 satuan percobaan. Variabel yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, panjang akar, volume akar, indeks luas daun, laju pertumbuhan relatif, laju asimilasi bersih, jumlah polong per petak, jumlah biji per polong, bobot 100 butir biji, dan bobot biji per petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi spesies koro dan dosis pupuk NPK berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman koro. Hasil terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan koro pedang dengan dosis pupuk NPK 300 kg ha-1. Dalam budidaya koro pedang, disarankan untuk menggunakan pupuk NPK (16:16:16) dengan dosis 300 kg ha-1, sebagai upaya untuk menggantikan kedelai pada wilayah-wilayah di mana kedelai sulit tumbuh.
Kata kunci: Koro pedang, koro benguk, pertumbuhan, pupuk majemuk
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