KRITIK MORALITAS SOSIAL-POLITIK DALAM PUISI HAWĀMISH ‘ALĀ DAFTAR AL-NAKSAH DAN PUISI LES PAUVRES GENS (Kajian Sastra Banding)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15575/hijai.v8i2.52393Keywords:
Sastra Arab, Comparative Literature, Arabic linguisticsAbstract
Penelitian ini membahas dan membandingkan kritik moralitas sosial-politik dalam puisi Hawāmish ‘alā Daftar al-Naksa karya Nizar Qabbani dan Les Pauvres Gens karya Victor Hugo. Tujuannya adalah memberikan bukti konkret perbandingan sastra Timur dan Barat serta menentang kerangka eurosentris yang menilai sastra hanya dengan standar estetika Barat. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa setiap karya sastra harus dipahami melalui konteks budaya dan sejarahnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan mengaitkan bahasa dan tema kedua puisi dengan situasi sosial-politiknya. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi pustaka kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teori Humanisme Marxis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan gaya bahasa yang jelas: Qabbani menggunakan bahasa yang lugas, tajam, dan penuh metafora, sedangkan Hugo menggunakan gaya naratif dan romantik. Keduanya menyuarakan kritik terhadap penguasa terkait ketimpangan sosial, kemiskinan, ketidakadilan, dan represi politik, meskipun dengan pendekatan berbeda. Qabbani mengungkapkan kritik secara eksplisit terhadap kemunduran moral, konflik internal, dan represi politik di dunia Arab. Sementara itu, Hugo menyampaikan kritik secara implisit terhadap kemiskinan dan ketimpangan pada masa Napoleon III. Meskipun terpaut satu abad, kedua puisi menunjukkan bahwa sastra merupakan alat kritik sosial yang mampu mendorong perubahan. Perbandingan ini menegaskan pentingnya menilai sastra melalui perspektif yang lebih luas, bukan hanya dari sudut pandang Eropa.
Kata Kunci : Qabbani, Hugo, Hawāmish ‘alā Daftar al-Naksah, Les Pauvres Gens, Sastra Banding
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